Navigating Upgrades and Downgrades in RPM-OSTree-Based Operating Systems

For users of RPM-OSTree powered systems such as Fedora Silverblue, Fedora Kinoite, Fedora Onyx, Fedora Sericea, and CoreOS, understanding the processes involved in upgrading or downgrading is crucial for maintaining a smooth operating experience. In this article, we delve into the intricacies of managing updates in these unique environments.

What is RPM-OSTree?

RPM-OSTree serves as a pivotal tool for managing updates in various operating systems, particularly Fedora Silverblue and CoreOS. By creating a read-only system state, it separates the operating system’s core from direct alterations. Users implement changes, referred to as “mutations,” using the rpm-ostree command. This system architecture ensures enhanced security while providing flexibility akin to traditional Linux distributions.

Key RPM-OSTree Commands

To effectively manage an RPM-OSTree environment, users can utilize a variety of commands, each serving a specific function:

• rpm-ostree upgrade: Installs the latest package updates for your system.
• rpm-ostree rollback: Reverts the system to the prior stable version if issues arise.
• rpm-ostree status: Displays the current version, installed packages, and more.
• rpm-ostree install [package-name]: Facilitates the installation of non-base RPM packages.
• rpm-ostree uninstall [package-name]: Removes specified packages from your system.
• rpm-ostree search [package-name]: Searches for a specific package within the software repositories.
• rpm-ostree update --check: Checks for available updates without applying them.

This set of commands forms the foundational toolset for users to manage their RPM-OSTree systems effectively.

Downgrading a Release with RPM-OSTree

If you need to revert to a previous release of your RPM-OSTree-based operating system, the “rebase” command is your go-to option. This guide specifically references Fedora Silverblue and Kinoite, but the principles apply across all RPM-OSTree environments.

Step-by-Step Downgrade

1. Identify the Release: First, determine the release you want to downgrade to. For instance, if you upgraded to Fedora 39 but are experiencing instability, you might want to downgrade to Fedora 38.

2. View Available Releases: Open your terminal and run the following command to display all available RPM-OSTree releases:

   ostree remote refs fedora

3. Rebase to the Desired Release: After locating the desired release, issue the following command to downgrade:

   sudo rpm-ostree rebase fedora:fedora/38/x86_64/silverblue

4. Reboot and Clean Up: Once the rebasing process is complete, reboot your system. Post-login, execute:

   sudo rpm-ostree cleanup --rollback

   This ensures that old deployments are purged, finalizing your downgrade process successfully.

Upgrading a Release with RPM-OSTree

In contrast to downgrading, upgrading involves selecting a newer release for rebase. This can include moving to development versions like Fedora Rawhide.

Step-by-Step Upgrade

1. Select the New Release: Identify the new release you want to migrate to, say Fedora Rawhide, using the next command:

   ostree remote refs fedora | grep "rawhide"

2. Choose Your Version: You will see several available Fedora Rawhide versions. Pick one that suits your system configuration.

3. Rebase Your System: Execute the command to upgrade your system:

   sudo rpm-ostree rebase fedora:fedora/rawhide/x86_64/kinoite

4. Reboot Your System: Post-rebase, reboot your machine and enjoy the latest features and updates. If the new release isn’t satisfactory, revisit the downgrade section for guidance.

Conclusion

Mastering the upgrade and downgrade processes within RPM-OSTree-based operating systems enhances user control, enabling a smoother experience while navigating system stability and performance challenges. With the commands and steps outlined in this article, users can confidently manage their systems as they explore the evolving landscape of guided updates and releases.

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